![]() 2020 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers' National Poison Data System (NPDS): 38th Annual Report. Gummin DD, Mowry JB, Beuhler MC, Spyker DA, Bronstein AC, Rivers LJ, et al. September 2021 Accessed: April 9, 2022.Ĭhen HY, Albertson TE, Olson KR. Publications Office of the European Union, Luxembourg. New benzodiazepines in Europe – a review. Observe every hour for re-sedation as half-life ~1 hour.European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction.Repeat every minute until target effect achieved. ![]() Children (limited data) initial loading 0.01mg/kg IV (max 0.2mg) give over 30 seconds.Stop infusion and reassess every 6-12 hours. Continuous IV infusion suggested rate 0.1-0.5mg/hr IV up to 1.5mg/hr IV. If initial benefit, maintenance dose may be considered.Repeat in 60-second intervals until desired effect. Patients with anticholinergic symptoms (e.g., tachycardia, hypotension, hypoxia, ECG changes, hyperreflexia, increased muscle tone, dyskinesias).Patients with benzodiazepine dependence (controversial).Mixed overdose (especially with TCAs or substances that may cause seizure or cardiac dysrhythmias).Limited role in benzodiazepine and “Z-drug” toxicity.It has a benefit for ventilation, but this is poorly understood.įlumazenil is controversial in benzodiazepine toxicity as it may increase the risk of ventricular dysrhythmias and seizures, the latter of which may be difficult to treat. It may reverse paradoxical agitation effects as well. It reverses sedative, amnestic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, and muscle relaxant effects of benzodiazepines. It has action against benzodiazepines and “Z-drugs”. It is a competitive antagonist at benzodiazepine receptors in the CNS. Flumazenil is the antidote for benzodiazepines.
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